The PleniDose Gantry emblem: a multi-cannula filling head traversing over a cartridge tray on X and Y motion axes — the shared Panacea Bio Chem cartridge-filling gantry, designed by Bogdan Dicoias Panacea Bio ChemPleniDose™ Gantry · Cartridge-filling platform
Platform brief
Rev 2026-07
PLATFORM PleniDose Gantry LINES Lyoprester · Liquiprester SHARED CONTROL motion · datum · metered dispensing LIQUIPRESTER MODE Cryoviscous · ElimiVoid · IncreSure LYOPRESTER MODE dual-chamber filling · Vana Machine preparation
Filling Platform · Motion Control · Controlled-Dose Discipline

PleniDose™ Gantry — one platform, two cartridge architectures

The glass may vary. The dose must not.

The same motion platform and datum-control architecture serve both the dual-chamber Lyoprester and liquid Liquiprester lines. The interchangeable rod-holder assembly establishes the cartridge format, while the software recipe and the product-specific filling sequence determine how each cartridge is processed. One shared machine and one shared control philosophy — not one identical process.

A Panacea Bio Chem platform brief  ·  by Bogdan Dicoias, biochemist and inventor  ·  Subject: shared cartridge-filling gantry  ·  Platform: PleniDose Gantry (Panacea)  ·  Nothing here is medical advice.
PleniDose™ Gantry The PleniDose Gantry filling a loaded cartridge holder at Panacea Bio Chem — the eight-cannula head, the pumps above it and the holder below, photographed on the bench
Controlled, repeatable motion is the whole game. The PleniDose™ Gantry is the platform Panacea Bio Chem uses to fill two very different cartridges with one shared dose discipline. Designed by Bogdan Dicoias.
Platform brief

PleniDose™ Gantry is the shared manufacturing platform at the centre of the Panacea cartridge lines. The core idea is deliberately economical: one physical gantry makes both products, from one shared motion and datum-control platform. Fit the dual-chamber tooling and it produces a Lyoprester®; fit the liquid tooling and the same machine produces a Liquiprester™ — the interchangeable rod-holder assembly establishes the cartridge format, and the gantry then runs the product-specific Lyoprester® or Liquiprester™ process recipe. It is one shared machine and one shared control philosophy, not one identical process. On the Liquiprester line the gantry sets the rear-plunger datum, meters a target 3.00 mL primary aliquot within a defined process tolerance, coordinates Cryoviscous™ conditioning through temperature-controlled cartridge-holder assemblies, dispenses the principal-additive-free ElimiVoid™ completion medium, runs a dual-cannula slow top-up with a rapid drawback that removes the excess completion medium, and brings the cartridge to closure readiness so it carries no visible air bubble, within a near-airless, oxygen-depleted and argon-conditioned internal environment. On the Lyoprester line it fills the dual chambers and stages the matched diluent for the separate Vana Machine™ vacuum step. The machine parameters are held by Bogdan Dicoias. It is a beneficial engineering description, not medical advice.

Technology architecture — an 8-node ecosystem: seven enabling nodes (including the PleniDose™ manufacturing backbone) + the finished Liquiprester™

Seven enabling nodes — including the PleniDose™ manufacturing backbone — converge in the finished Liquiprester™ platform (the eighth node): PleniDose™, Cryoviscous™, ElimiVoid™, OxyDeplete™, ArgonLock™, RedoxVault™ and IncreSure™. This is an 8-node ecosystem, not necessarily an 8-step linear sequence.

Actual process flow (corrected order)

01 //  One gantry, two products

Most filling lines are built for one format. A cartridge line that fills a dual-chamber cartridge — a freeze-dried cake in one compartment, its matched diluent in the other — looks nothing like a line that fills a single liquid cartridge. Panacea took the opposite path: build one gantry and let the tooling do the switching.

The motion platform, the coordinate system and the datum-control philosophy remain shared. The active fluid operations, the process recipe and the finishing sequence are selected for the cartridge line being produced. What changes between product lines is the rod-holder assembly — the tooling that presents and registers the cartridge bodies to the machine; the gantry then runs the product-specific Lyoprester® or Liquiprester™ process recipe. Fit the dual-chamber rod-holder assembly and the gantry produces a Lyoprester® cartridge →; fit the liquid rod-holder assembly and the very same gantry produces a Liquiprester™ cartridge →. Either cartridge architecture may also support a compatible Peptourbillon™ programme where the formulation and process have been specifically developed for it — a freeze-dried cake in the dual-chamber body, or a curated blend held in a formulation-specific liquid architecture.

Keep one platform for both cartridges, and the dose discipline stops being a per-product argument — it becomes a property of the machine.

Lyoprester line

Dual-chamber rod-holder assembly. The gantry fills the API chamber and stages the matched diluent, ready for the Vana Machine vacuum step and plunger lock. A different machine finishes the vacuum — the gantry does the filling.

Liquiprester line

Liquid rod-holder assembly. The gantry meters the primary aliquot, conditions it to the cryoviscous state and completes the cartridge with the dual-cannula move — one liquid, no dual chamber.

A note on the Vana Machine. The Vana Machine™ is a different machine — it creates the vacuum for Lyoprester cartridges and plunger-locks them. It is not the PleniDose Gantry and must never be conflated with it. The gantry establishes the fill quantity and cartridge geometry; IncreSure™ maps the resulting API delivery per characterised increment. The Vana Machine vacuum-conditions the Lyoprester line. Two machines, one stack.

02 //  What the gantry controls

The platform's job is to turn a formulation and an empty cartridge into a finished, controlled-dose unit while controlling the variables capable of causing dose drift. The gantry provides six shared controlled functions common to both lines, then runs the product-specific stages for whichever cartridge is in tooling.

Shared gantry controls — both lines

Motion & position
Coordinated, repeatable X/Y/Z motion under the shared motion-control platform — the common backbone both process recipes run on.
Cartridge registration
The interchangeable rod-holder assembly presents and registers the cartridge bodies to the machine, establishing the format before the line-specific recipe runs.
Rear-plunger datum
The rear plunger is set to a fixed, pen-compatible datum — the reference position from which every downstream increment is measured. Establish the datum correctly and an EZnject™ / IncreSure™ pen can index the cartridge into characterised mechanical increments mapped to recoverable API output.
Metered dispensing
Volume-controlled delivery of the fill liquids to a defined process tolerance — the metering discipline both recipes share.
Closure readiness
The cartridge is brought to a defined state ready for closing — handed on to the line-specific closure step (Vana Machine™ on the Lyoprester line; completion-medium closure on the Liquiprester line).
Process traceability
Each controlled step is referenced to a measured datum, so the finished cartridge is a consequence of the machine's control rather than the operator's hand.
Liquiprester-specific stages

Target 3.00 mL primary aliquot within a defined process tolerance · Cryoviscous™ conditioning through temperature-controlled cartridge-holder assemblies · ElimiVoid™ completion with a principal-additive-free, buffer-free, lighter, warmer completion medium · a slow top-up at one cannula and a rapid drawback at a second, at the calibrated meniscus, that removes the excess API-free completion medium while the API-containing primary aliquot stays protected below the withdrawal zone.

Lyoprester-specific stages

Dual-chamber aliquoting · staging of the API and its matched diluent in the two chambers · preparation of the cartridge for the separate Vana Machine™ vacuum step and plunger-lock. The finishing sequence here is chamber filling and Vana preparation, not the Liquiprester completion move.

Both lines share the six controlled functions above; the completion medium, the Cryoviscous™ conditioning and the dual-cannula drawback are Liquiprester-specific, while dual-chamber staging and Vana Machine™ preparation are Lyoprester-specific. One shared machine and control philosophy — not one identical process.

The PleniDose Gantry head low over the cartridge mouths during aliquoting — the metered, unhurried delivery the platform is built around
Metered, unhurried fluid delivery — the physical discipline behind the gantry's dual-cannula completion move. Panacea Bio Chem, by Bogdan Dicoias.

03 //  Slow top-up, fast drawback

The completion move is the signature of the platform, and its rhythm matters. The principal-additive-free ElimiVoid™ completion medium is added slowly and gently, delivered above a transient first-contact interfacial barrier so the incoming liquid is designed not to stir the API-containing layer beneath it. Then the finishing cannula withdraws rapidly at the calibrated meniscus, removing the excess API-free completion medium in a single quick motion — without moving the rear plunger, so the API-containing primary aliquot stays protected below the withdrawal zone.

The asymmetry is the point. A slow, above-barrier addition keeps the layers ordered; a fast, precise drawback removes the excess completion medium before the layers have a chance to intermix. That interface, per Panacea's corrected doctrine, is a single-cycle, first-contact phenomenon: when the completion medium first contacts the Cryoviscous™ primary formulation, a transient barrier forms under the defined process conditions and protects the primary aliquot during completion and excess withdrawal. After controlled warming, the layers homogenise above the formulation-specific interface-release temperature, and the process does not re-form the original interface during subsequent qualified cooling cycles. It is a contact-induced structuring, not a repeatable temperature-driven two-phase system.

Gentle in, quick out — the addition is unhurried, the finishing withdrawal is fast, and the plunger never moves.

04 //  No visible air bubble, argon-conditioned

The finished Liquiprester™ carries no visible air bubble, within a near-airless, oxygen-depleted and argon-conditioned internal environment — the product of three cooperating steps in the process stack, each with its own site, each with a distinct role:

Together they remove the intended air gap and drive residual oxygen low. The claim is precise and honest: not that every molecule of dissolved gas is gone, but that the deliberate compressible front void is eliminated and oxygen exposure is reduced. Around all of this sits RedoxVault™, Panacea's formulation-specific oxidative-protection architecture, whose implementation is selected according to the active ingredients, excipients and phase structure of each formulation — not one identical mechanism in every cartridge.

05 //  Process-control philosophy

The gantry is built on a simple engineering stance: a dose is a controlled quantity, not a hopeful one. Every step above is defined by a measured reference — a datum, a metered volume, a conditioned viscosity, a calibrated meniscus — so that the finished cartridge is a consequence of the machine's control, not of the operator's hand. That is why one platform can serve two very different cartridges without the dose discipline changing: the discipline lives in the motion control and the datums, and the tooling merely presents the glass.

Watching over the wider peptide cycle is the S3Pulse™ biointegrity engine, which keeps the record so each cartridge is the preparation the formulator intended — the same discipline Panacea brings to every fragile chain, here in the service of a controlled fill that leaves no visible air bubble.

06 //  The idea, in one table

How one platform serves two cartridge lines
ElementLyoprester lineLiquiprester line
Rod-holder assemblyDual-chamber toolingLiquid tooling
CartridgeCake + matched diluent, two chambersSingle co-formulated liquid
Plunger datumFixed, pen-compatibleFixed, pen-compatible
Primary aliquotMetered by the gantryTarget 3.00 mL primary aliquot
FinishingProduct-specific dual-chamber filling; staged for the Vana Machine vacuum stepElimiVoid dual-cannula slow top-up + rapid drawback
Internal environmentProduct-specific chamber filling with Vana Machine™ vacuum conditioning & closure controlElimiVoid™ front-void completion within a near-airless, oxygen-depleted, argon-conditioned environment

Named steps describe the platform's public architecture. PleniDose™ is a proprietary Panacea Bio Chem platform designed and invented by Bogdan Dicoias; its underlying machine parameters and process specifications are not published. No dose, outcome or health claim is made here.

07 //  The engineering lineage

The idea that a single, well-datumed motion platform can outperform a hand process is old and well earned. Automated aseptic filling3 replaced variable manual filling precisely because a machine holds a reference the hand cannot. Modern motion control7 turned that reference into micrometre-scale repeatability, and the same gantry-and-tooling logic that lets a machine tool change heads to make different parts is what lets the PleniDose Gantry change rod-holder assemblies to make different cartridges.

What Panacea adds is the dose layer on top of the motion layer: the plunger datum, the controlled primary aliquot, the Cryoviscous™ conditioning and the dual-cannula completion, so that precision of movement becomes precision of delivered dose. The PleniDose Gantry is that platform — one machine, a name that says what it is for.

Building this gantry is also where Panacea’s own motion-control architecture began. The link drops, the frame questions and the brake sequences met on the PleniDose Gantry became KineticON™, motion control that keeps a receipt for every move.

07b //  The machine, running

One gantry runs both product lines, controlled by S3Pulse and KineticON™: Lyoprester builds the dual-chamber cartridge, Liquiprester fills and closes the liquid one.

Aliquoting and crimping. The eight-cannula head fills a loaded holder and the crimper closes it — axes, pumps, tool change and run state driven as one machine.
Liquiprester. The titanium holder (Ti 6Al-4V ELI, Gr23-medical) and the finished cartridge: filled, plunger seated, crimped closed.

Lyoprester — dual chamber

  1. Peptidic liquid aliquoting, prior to lyophilization
  2. Middle plunger insertion
  3. P-EARLs aliquoting
  4. Top plunger enclosing of P-EARLs, without air bubbles
  5. Cartridge enclosure by crimping the alu/septa cap

Liquiprester — liquid cartridge

  1. Plunger insertion
  2. Peptidic liquid
  3. Cartridge closure, without air bubbles

Why the closure is the product

Watch the Liquiprester sequence and there is no air bubble left behind the plunger. That is not cosmetic. Trapped oxygen does not sit quietly in a cartridge — it reacts, and it spends the shelf life of the peptide doing so. Panacea removes it before closure with OxyDeplete™, dissolves argon into the peptidic liquid and seals under it with ArgonLock™, and places the trace metal catalysts that would otherwise drive oxidation out of reach with RedoxVault™. Together with the rest of the Panacea stack, that is what makes this peptidic liquid cartridge the longest-lived on the market.

What the gantry makes possible downstream

Precision at this stage is what later technologies stand on. IncreSure™ can verify the API in each pen increment because the piston travel behind that increment was a measured motion, not a printed dial figure. ElimiVoid™ can clear the compressible void ahead of the dose without moving the rear plunger or withdrawing a microlitre of API, because the machine knows exactly which axis may move and which must not. And Cryoviscous™ holds the formulation cold, stiff and slow so it can be placed exactly — which changes the force, the timing and the settle the gantry has to get right. Each one is a promise about a movement, kept by S3Pulse and KineticON™.

08 //  Where the platform reaches furthest

A shared, controlled-dose filling platform is a broad, high-leverage idea. Directions where it matters most include:

Dual-chamber cartridgesLiquid cartridges Controlled-aliquot dosingPlunger datum control No-visible-air-bubble finishCryoviscous conditioning Dual-cannula completionPen-compatible cartridges

These fields are offered as a map of engineering and product opportunity and future research direction, not as indications or advice.

Rows of cartridges in the PleniDose holder, crimped closed — the output the platform exists for
The output the platform exists for: a row of cartridges, each metered to the same target aliquot and finished with no visible air bubble. Panacea Bio Chem, by Bogdan Dicoias.

Frequently asked

What is the PleniDose Gantry?
Panacea Bio Chem's shared cartridge-filling platform — one physical gantry that produces both the dual-chamber Lyoprester cartridge and the liquid Liquiprester cartridge from one shared motion and datum-control platform. The interchangeable rod-holder assembly establishes the cartridge format, and the gantry then runs the product-specific Lyoprester or Liquiprester process recipe — one shared machine and control philosophy, not one identical process. On the Liquiprester line it sets the plunger datum, meters a target 3.00 mL primary aliquot within a defined process tolerance, coordinates Cryoviscous™ conditioning through temperature-controlled cartridge-holder assemblies, and runs a dual-cannula slow top-up with rapid drawback so the finished cartridge carries no visible air bubble. The machine parameters are proprietary to Bogdan Dicoias. Nothing here is medical advice.

How does one gantry make two different cartridges?
The motion platform, the coordinate system and the datum-control philosophy remain shared; the active fluid operations, the process recipe and the finishing sequence are selected for the cartridge line being produced. The rod-holder assembly establishes the format — dual-chamber tooling runs the Lyoprester recipe, liquid tooling runs the product-specific Liquiprester recipe. The two lines run different product-specific recipes on a common datum-controlled platform.

What does "slow top-up, fast drawback" mean?
It is the dual-cannula completion move: the principal-additive-free ElimiVoid™ completion medium is added slowly and gently above a transient first-contact interfacial barrier, then a second cannula withdraws rapidly at the calibrated meniscus — removing the excess API-free completion medium without moving the rear plunger, so the API-containing primary aliquot stays protected below the withdrawal zone.

Is it the same as the Vana Machine?
No. The Vana Machine™ is a different machine that creates the vacuum for Lyoprester cartridges and plunger-locks them. The PleniDose Gantry does the filling and dose-setting; the Vana Machine does the vacuum step. They must never be conflated.

Who designed it?
The PleniDose Gantry was designed by Bogdan Dicoias and is the intellectual property of Panacea Bio Chem Ltd. Its underlying process parameters and rod-holder-assembly specifications are a proprietary Panacea programme.

Trending in the field

References & further reading

  1. ISO 11608-1 and ISO 11608-3 — needle-based injection systems for medical use: requirements and test methods for the delivery system and for the containers and cartridges, including dose accuracy across the delivery stroke. Named standard; further reading: pen-injector systems (Wikipedia).
  2. ISO 13926 series — pen systems: glass cartridge and plunger/stopper dimensions for pen-injectors. Named standard; further reading: autoinjector / cartridge systems (Wikipedia).
  3. Sterile drug products produced by aseptic processing — FDA current good manufacturing practice guidance and EU GMP Annex 1 on sterile medicinal products; automated sterile cartridge filling replaces variable manual filling. FDA aseptic-processing guidance; aseptic processing (Wikipedia).
  4. Stopper / plunger-position and pen dose-accuracy in cartridge-based injection systems — the datum reference that governs delivered dose. Further reading: injection systems (Wikipedia).
  5. Fill-finish headspace and dissolved-oxygen (DO) control in parenteral packaging — reducing oxidative exposure of the finished container. Further reading: oxygen scavenging (Wikipedia).
  6. Interfacial gelation and low-temperature rheology of peptide and protein solutions — the physical basis for a temperature-conditioned, high-viscosity completion window. Further reading: rheology (Wikipedia).
  7. Automated cartridge filling and motion control — coordinated, repeatable machine movement enabling dose-uniformity across a pen delivery stroke. Further reading: motion control (Wikipedia).
  8. Argon as an inert conditioning gas for low-oxygen environments, and freeze-drying (lyophilisation) as the drying route behind the dual-chamber cartridge. Argon (Wikipedia); freeze-drying (Wikipedia).

The Panacea Technology Universe

26 technologies, each the leader of its class

Proprietary Panacea Bio Chem Ltd technologies, invented by Bogdan Dicoias — what each one does, and why it leads its class.

Lyoprester® technology convergence — the Panacea Bio Chem technologies that meet inside one cartridge, invented by Bogdan Dicoias
Lyoprester® — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasLyoprester®The only dual-chamber cartridge that is autoreconstitution-enabled, vacuum-sealed and argon-fillback.lyoprester.com ↗P-EARLs — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasP-EARLs™Panacea-Engineered Aseptic Reconstitution Liquid(s) — each tuned to the peptide it wakes.p-earls.com ↗Peptourbillon — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasPeptourbillon™The layered peptide formulation architecture — single- or multi-layer, never a blend.peptourbillon.com ↗RF Tunnel — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasRF Tunnel™The RF-formed central channel through the cake.rftunnel.com ↗TgShift — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasTgShift™Raises the cake’s glass-transition temperature with RF — instead of chilling below it.tgshift.com ↗Cryolapse — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasCryolapse™Cryogenic pressure collapse under S3Pulse™ control — vapour redistributed through the whole cake, not its surface, impeding crust formation.cryolapse.com ↗LyoLevit — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasLyoLevit™The cake levitates and spins in high orbit — driven by ultrasound and RF.lyolevit.com ↗Lyochrysalis — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasLyochrysalis™The integrated chamber housing the whole drying stack.lyochrysalis.com ↗S3Pulse — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasS3Pulse™The control brain for every piece of Panacea hardware.s3pulse.com ↗Liquiprester — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasLiquiprester™The single-liquid cartridge engineered so multiple peptide APIs coexist in one shared vehicle.liquiprester.com ↗Syntheseract — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasSyntheseract™Continuous-flow peptide synthesis in a special, very fast and economical way.syntheseract.com ↗CFSPPS — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasCFSPPS™Continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis, written as its own category.cfspps.com ↗OxyDeplete — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasOxyDeplete™Degassing plus no-headspace doctrine — the oxygen-starved seal.oxydeplete.com ↗ArgonLock — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasArgonLock™The final inert-atmosphere lock under argon.argonlock.com ↗RedoxVault — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasRedoxVault™Separation, not merely suppression — redox isolation in lipid micro-reservoirs.redoxvault.com ↗PleniDose — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasPleniDose™The shared filling gantry — one machine filling both the dual-chamber Lyoprester and the liquid Liquiprester.plenidose.com ↗IncreSure — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasIncreSure™The dose-metrology layer — verified API per pen increment.incresure.com ↗ElimiVoid — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasElimiVoid™Front-void elimination without touching the metered dose.elimivoid.com ↗Cryoviscous — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasCryoviscous™The characterised cold, high-viscosity, low-mobility conditioning state.cryoviscous.com ↗Vana Machine — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasVana Machine™Vacuum–Argon–Nitrogen Architecture — draws the air and nitrogen out of the cake and backfills with argon; in a separate process, the same machine makes the P-EARLs bubble-free.www.vanamachine.com ↗EZnject — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasEZnject™The disposable auto-injector pen built around the Lyoprester.panaceaeznject.com ↗Dicoias Ψ — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasDicoias ΨThe computed-chemistry advisory — every substance reduced to a vector across physical, electronic and formulation space.dcppsi.com ↗SealoPrester — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasSealoPrester™Aseptic Cartridge Closure System — Seal o’ Precision + Sterility.sealoprester.com ↗Peptidic Liquid — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasPeptidic LiquidThe peptide formulation in solution — the active plus its buffers, cryoprotectants, lyoprotectants and scaffolders.peptidicliquid.com ↗DiastolVAC — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasDiastolVAC™Biomimetic diastolic vacuum control — the pneumatic circulatory system of the machine: pumps, valves and sensors as one ensemble.diastolvac.com ↗KineticON — Panacea Bio Chem technology by Bogdan DicoiasKineticON™Motion Integrity Architecture — the motion-control layer that lets the machine know what happened on every axis move.kineticon.org ↗

Weekly review — 5–11 Oct 2026

Publications indexed in PubMed in the last 30 days for ("aseptic filling"[tiab] OR "fill-finish"[tiab] OR "fill finish"[tiab] OR "fill and finish"[tiab] OR "filling process"[tiab] OR "filling line"[tiab] OR "filling operation"[tiab] OR "filling operations"[tiab] OR "cartridge filling"[tiab] OR "vial filling"[tiab] OR "syringe filling"[tiab] OR "fill volume"[tiab] OR "fill weight"[tiab] OR "filling accuracy"[tiab] OR "piston pump"[tiab] OR "piston pumps"[tiab] OR "peristaltic pump"[tiab] OR "peristaltic pumps"[tiab] OR "time-pressure"[tiab] OR "dual-chamber"[tiab] OR "dual chamber"[tiab] OR isolator[tiab] OR isolators[tiab] OR "aseptic processing"[tiab]) AND (cartridge*[tiab] OR syringe*[tiab] OR vial[tiab] OR vials[tiab] OR parenteral*[tiab] OR "drug product"[tiab] OR "drug products"[tiab] OR injectable*[tiab] OR biologic*[tiab] OR "therapeutic protein"[tiab] OR "monoclonal"[tiab] OR sterile[tiab] OR "sterile"[tiab]) NOT (dental[tiab] OR "root canal"[tiab] OR endodont*[tiab] OR anesthetic[tiab] OR anaesthetic[tiab] OR "e-cigarette"[tiab] OR hospital[tiab] OR pharmacist*[tiab] OR "internet of things"[tiab] OR IoT[tiab] OR "case report"[tiab] OR "3D print"[tiab] OR "3D-print"[tiab] OR radiopharm*[tiab] OR chemotherap*[tiab] OR "cell therapy"[tiab] OR cannabis[tiab]) — refreshed weekly.